Clinical guidance for MRI referral

Appendix 2

Clinical guidance for MRI referral
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  2. Recommendations
  3. Figures and tables
    2. Appendix 2
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Table 2.1 Generalised seizures

Table 2.1

Generalised seizures

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Secondary generalised seizures start with a focal seizure before spreading to cause a generalised seizure.8
Table 2.2 Focal (partial seizures)

Table 2.2

Focal (partial seizures)

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Table 2.3 Factors associated with intracranial pathology on neuroimaging after first seizure

Table 2.3

Factors associated with intracranial pathology on neuroimaging after first seizure

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Figure 2.1 Prevalence of incidental findings in various age categories

Figure 2.1

Prevalence of incidental findings in various age categories

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Reproduced with permission from British Medical Journal Publishing Group Ltd from Morris et al. Incidental findings on brain  magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2009;339:b3016 doi:10.1136/bmj.b3016.

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Table 2.4 Clinical patterns of primary headaches

Table 2.4

Clinical patterns of primary headaches

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Reproduced with permission from National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) from Diagnosis of tension-type,  migraine and cluster headache, from Headaches: diagnosis and management of headaches in young people and adults.  National Clinical Guideline Centre. p 44.
Table 2.5 Intracranial tumours

Table 2.5

Intracranial tumours

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Table 2.6 Giant cell arteritis

Table 2.6

Giant cell arteritis

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Table 2.7 The SNOOP-4 mnemonic

Table 2.7

The SNOOP-4 mnemonic

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Table 2.8 Neurological features associated with cervical radiculopathy

Table 2.8

Neurological features associated with cervical radiculopathy

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Reproduced with permission from British Medical Journal Publishing Group Ltd, from Barry M, Jenner JR. ABC of rheumatology.  Pain in neck, shoulder, and arm. BMJ 1995; 310(6973):183–6.
Figure 2.2 Upper limb dermatomes

Figure 2.2

Upper limb dermatomes

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Reproduced with permission from Continuing Medical Education (CME) from Mogere E, Morgado T,  Welsh D. An approach to the painful upper limb. Continuing Medical Education 2013;31(3).  
Table 2.9 Signs of serious spinal or other abnormalities

Table 2.9

Signs of serious spinal or other abnormalities

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Note there is insufficient available evidence to confirm the utility of conventional ‘red flag symptom’ for triaging non-acute  neck patients, although their use has been strongly encouraged.31

Bookmarks for cervical trauma


Table 2.10 NEXUS criteria

Table 2.10

NEXUS criteria

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Adapted and reproduced with permission from the New England Journal of Medicine from Hoffman J, Mower W, Wolfson A, et al. Validity of a set of clinical criteria to rule out injury to the cervical spine in patients with blunt trauma. N Engl J Med 2000;343:94–9.

Bookmarks for the knee


Table 2.11

Table 2.11

The Ottawa knee rules

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Reproduced with permission from The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners from Yao K, Haque T. The Ottawa knee rules:  a useful clinical decision tool. Aust Fam Physician 2012;41(4):223–4. 

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