Patients’ acceptance of SNAP assessment: An exploration

Chun Wah Michael Tam

Nicholas Zwar

Charlotte Hespe

We previously described in Australian Family Physician a survey experiment that demonstrated patients’ acceptance of alcohol enquiry from their general practitioners (GPs) varied markedly depending on the reason for the initial presentation.¹ A further qualitative study identified that the acceptability of these discussions was influenced by their perceived relevance. For many patients, this ‘was determined by whether the presenting complaint was seen to be an issue affected by alcohol drinking’.²

Is this finding isolated to assessment of drinking, or does it apply to other SNAP (smoking, nutrition, alcohol, physical activity) risk factors?³

Methods

We re-analysed data from the 66 questionnaire respondents from the intervention arm of the original survey experiment.¹ In brief, the participants were adult patients who attended a general practice in Sydney, Australia in 2014. Two-thirds of the participants were female and the mean age was 53.6 years. Full demographics are available in the original paper.¹ These participants rated the acceptability of GP enquiry (‘unacceptable’, ‘ambivalent’ or ‘acceptable’) of each of the four SNAP factors to 20 clinical vignettes. The vignettes were simple, written to a fifth grade student reading level,¹ and based on the most frequent reasons for encounter and problems managed in Australian general practice.⁴

We ranked the vignette acceptability data and reported them descriptively. We used Friedman’s two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by ranks to analyse the differences in SNAP factor acceptability within the vignettes, and Wilcoxon signed rank test between specific factors (IBM SPSS Statistics 23).

This study was approved by the University of New South Wales’s (UNSW’s) Human Research Ethics Committee (reference number HC14074).

Results

The variation in the acceptance of GP enquiry to all four SNAP factors was substantial, ranging from half of participants (least acceptable vignettes) to all (most acceptable; Table 1). There were variations in SNAP factor acceptability within the vignettes. The vignettes where these differences were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) were: cough, sore throat, back pain, skin rash, depression, diabetes, arthritis, high lipids, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), bronchitis, asthma and urinary tract infection.

For example, while all participants reported smoking enquiry was acceptable in the asthma vignette, 85%, 81% and 92% did so for nutrition, alcohol and physical activity enquiry respectively (P < 0.0001).

Discussion

Patients’ acceptance of GP enquiry for all four SNAP factors seems to vary depending on the reason for presentation. Ensuring that patients understand why we are interested in these issues may be a useful strategy; for instance, explicitly linking SNAP assessment to the presenting complaint.^1,2

Authors

CW Michael Tam BSc(Med), MBBS, MMH(GP), FRACGP, Staff Specialist in General Practice, Fairfield Hospital – General Practice Unit, Prairiewood, NSW; Conjoint Senior Lecturer, UNSW Australia − School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sydney, NSW. m.tam@unsw.edu.au

Nicholas Zwar MBBS, MPH, PhD, FRACGP, Professor of General Practice, UNSW Australia – School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sydney, NSW

Charlotte Hespe MBBS(Hons), DCH, GCUT, FRACGP, FAICD, Head, General Practice Research and conjoint Head, General Practice, University of Notre Dame Australia − School of Medicine, Darlinghurst, NSW

Acknowledgements

This project was funded by an RACGP Family Medical Care, Education and Research Grant and the authors gratefully acknowledge the RACGP Foundation for their support.

References

1. Tam CWM, Leong LH, Zwar N, Hespe C. Consultation contexts and the acceptability of alcohol enquiry from general practitioners – A survey experiment. Aust Fam Physician 2015;44(7):490–96. Available at www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/july/consultation-contexts-and-the-acceptability-of-alcohol-enquiry-from-general-practitioners-%E2%80%93-a-survey-experiment [Accessed 4 April 2016].
2. Tam CWM, Leong L, Zwar N, Hespe C. Alcohol enquiry by GPs – Understanding patients’ perspectives: A qualitative study. Aust Fam Physician 2015;44(11):833–38. Available at www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/november/alcohol-enquiry-by-gps-%E2%80%93-understanding-patients%E2%80%99-perspectives-a-qualitative-study [Accessed 4 April 2016].
3. The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. Smoking, nutrition, alcohol and physical activity (SNAP): A population health guide to behavioural risk factors in general practice. 2nd edn. East Melbourne, Vic: RACGP, 2004. Available at www.racgp.org.au/your-practice/guidelines/snap [Accessed 4 April 2016].
4. Britt H, Miller GC, Henderson J, et al. General practice activity in Australia 2011–12. General practice series no. 31. Sydney: Sydney University Press, 2012.

Correspondence afp@racgp.org.au

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