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Diet

Lifestyle interventions for management of type 2 diabetes

Key dietary themes for people with type 2 diabetes are eating for cardiovascular protection, and glycaemic management and meal planning.

Weight

Lifestyle interventions for management of type 2 diabetes

For people with type 2 diabetes who are overweight or obese, even modest weight loss (5–10%) may provide clinical benefits, including improved glycaemic control, blood pressure and lipid profiles, especially early in the disease process.

Preventing progression to type 2 diabetes

Three quarters of patients with IFG or IGT will develop type 2 diabetes over their lifetime, and about 5–10% of people at high risk develop diabetes annually.

Alcohol consumption

Lifestyle interventions for management of type 2 diabetes

Alcohol affects the management of type 2 diabetes through its effects on diet and control of BGL

Lifestyle interventions for management of type 2 diabetes

Lifestyle interventions for management of type 2 diabetes

In more advanced stages of type 2 diabetes, lifestyle interventions continue to play an important role in glycaemic control and managing CVD risk, and may be supported by allied health and specialist support services.

Assessment of the patient with type 2 diabetes

The aim of the initial assessment is to provide a whole-person evaluation to determine and understand which factors are affecting the patient’s health and quality of life.

Gestational diabetes mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance that begins, or is first diagnosed, during pregnancy. It may appear in the first half of pregnancy, particularly in women at high risk for GDM.

Resources

Lifestyle interventions for management of type 2 diabetes

Resources and further reading

Physical activity

Lifestyle interventions for management of type 2 diabetes

Managing risks and other impacts of type 2 diabetes

A clear and specific action plan for management of sick days ensures that patients can either self-manage or have access to their healthcare team for advice and early intervention, supervision and support.