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The idea of using the immune system to treat cancer is traceable to the 1890s, the time of Pasteur. The first clinician to use an immunological approach was the surgeon William Coley of Memorial Hospital, New York (now Sloan Kettering Cancer Institute). Coley noted that, rarely, cancers would...

Rosacea is a chronic cutaneous condition characterised mainly by facial flushing and erythema. Persistent erythema in the central portion of the face lasting for at least three months is the primary feature of rosacea.1 Other characteristic findings that are often present, but not needed for...

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disease that has an estimated prevalence of 24% in men and 9% in women.1 OSA is a complex disease process that involves collapse of the upper airway during sleep and subsequent reduction or cessation of airflow.2 It is associated with a variety of...

Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants.1 If a mother cannot or chooses not to breastfeed, then infant formula is the only safe and suitable alternative.2Assessing the adequacy of an infant’s intake from breast milk can be...

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) disease is common in Australia. In Sydney, the prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) symptoms is 12%.1 Worldwide, there is a rapidly increasing prevalence of GORD1 and Barrett’s oesophagus.2 Newly described pathologies are emerging, including...

In recent years, pharmacological options for treating type 2 diabetes have expanded substantially. The place of metformin as the drug of first choice is unquestioned. Sulphonylureas have a long history and their use is supported by outcome data from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS).1...

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The primary venue of care for patients diagnosed with cancer typically changes through the disease trajectory. Commonly, the initial cancer diagnosis will be made in a community setting and, as further investigative and management plans are established, care shifts to tertiary oncological centres...

Patient 1Patient 1 was a woman, 48 years of age, who had painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy and lower back pain. She first presented to a clinic in April 2013. She had a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder and had regular follow-up with a private psychiatrist. She reported taking...

Table 1. Differential diagnosis of hip pain in young adultsExtra-articularIntra-articularMusclesAbductor muscle injuriesGluteus muscle tears         NervesSciaticaObturator nerve irritationLFCN irritation     Piriformis syndromeTendonsSnapping hip (ITB or iliopoas)BursaTrochanteric...