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Abuse and violence - Working with our patients in general practice
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Chapter figures

Figures from each chapter are available to view or download below.

Figure 1.1. Typology of interpersonal violence<sup>1</sup>

Figure 1.1. Typology of interpersonal violence1

Reproduced with permission from: Krug EG, Dahlberg LL, Mercy JA, Zwi AB, Lozano R, editors. World report on violence and health. Geneva: WHO, 2002. [Accessed 25 August 2021].
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Figure 1.2. Forms of abuse and violence

Figure 1.2. Forms of abuse and violence

Source: World Health Organization.3
 
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Figure 1.3. Intimate partner abuse

Figure 1.3. Intimate partner abuse

Power imbalance in an abusive relationship
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Figure 1.4. Factors associated with violence<sup>10</sup>

Figure 1.4. Factors associated with violence10

Reproduced with permission from: Heise LL. What works to prevent partner violence? An evidence overview. London: STRIVE Research Consortium, 2011. 
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Figure 1.5. CATCH model<sup>15 </sup>

Figure 1.5. CATCH model15

Reproduced from: Hegarty K, McKibbin G, Hameed M, et al. Health practitioners’ readiness to address domestic violence and abuse: A qualitative meta-synthesis. PLoS One 2020;15:e0234067.

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Figure 2.1. Prevalence of lifetime intimate partner abuse

Figure 2.1. Prevalence of lifetime intimate partner abuse

Source: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.1
 
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Figure 2.2. Victim/survivors’ disclosures of intimate partner abuse to services and people

Figure 2.2. Victim/survivors’ disclosures of intimate partner abuse to services and people

Based on: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 1
 
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Figure 2.3. Health outcomes associated with different types of intimate partner abuse

Figure 2.3. Health outcomes associated with different types of intimate partner abuse

Source: World Health Organization.5

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Tool 3.1. Evidence-based risk factors

Tool 3.1. Evidence-based risk factors

Source: State Government of Victoria.5
 
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Figure 3.1. Responding to a risk assessment<sup>15</sup>

Figure 3.1. Responding to a risk assessment15

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Figure 4.1. The CARE model<sup>3 </sup>

Figure 4.1. The CARE model3

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Figure 5.1. Funnelling questions to identify men who may use abuse and violence in intimate relationships<sup>17 </sup>

Figure 5.1. Funnelling questions to identify men who may use abuse and violence in intimate relationships17

Reproduced with permission from: Hegarty K, Forsdike-Young K, Tarzia L, Schweitzer R, Vlais R. Identifying and responding to men who use violence in their intimate relationships. Aust Fam Physician 2016;45(4):176–81.

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Figure 6.1. Prevalence of lifetime intimate partner abuse<sup>8</sup>

Figure 6.1. Prevalence of lifetime intimate partner abuse8

Source: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.
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Figure 7.1. Model of self-care<sup>5</sup>

Figure 7.1. Model of self-care5

Adapted with permission from: Taylor & Francis Group. Lynch JM. A whole person approach to wellbeing: Building sense of safety. London: Routledge, 2020.
 
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Figure 9.1. Factors influencing the personal threshold required to identify or report child abuse<sup>37</sup>

Figure 9.1. Factors influencing the personal threshold required to identify or report child abuse37

Source: Kuruppu J, McKibbin G, Humphreys C, et al. Tipping the scales: Factors influencing the decision to report child maltreatment in primary care. Trauma Violence Abuse 2020;21:427–38.
Reproduced with permission from SAGE Publications.

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Figure 13.1. The interaction of childhood adversity and biology<sup>10</sup>

Figure 13.1. The interaction of childhood adversity and biology10

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Figure 13.2. A model of complex post-traumatic stress disorder with potential general practice interventions<sup>5 </sup>

Figure 13.2. A model of complex post-traumatic stress disorder with potential general practice interventions5

Reproduced with permission from: Su WM, Stone L. Adult survivors of childhood trauma: Complex trauma, complex needs. Aust J General Practice. 2020;49(7):423−30.

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Figure 13.3. Roadmap to recovery: A flowchart for the management of adult victims/survivors of childhood trauma<sup>5</sup>

Figure 13.3. Roadmap to recovery: A flowchart for the management of adult victims/survivors of childhood trauma5

Reproduced with permission from: Su WM, Stone L. Adult survivors of childhood trauma: Complex trauma, complex needs. Aust J General Practice. 2020;49(7):423−30.

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Figure 15.1. Proportion of Australians aged 65 years and over<sup>4</sup>

Figure 15.1. Proportion of Australians aged 65 years and over4

Source: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.

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Figure 15.2. Applied ecological approach to abuse of older people<sup>14</sup>

Figure 15.2. Applied ecological approach to abuse of older people14

Source: Joosten M, Vrantsides F, Dow B. Understanding elder abuse. A scoping study. Melbourne: Melbourne University and National Ageing Research Institute, 2017:1092–110.

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Figure 16.1. Elements contributing to higher rates of family abuse and violence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities

Figure 16.1. Elements contributing to higher rates of family abuse and violence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities

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Figure 16.2. Perpetrators and victims/survivors of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander family abuse and violence

Figure 16.2. Perpetrators and victims/survivors of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander family abuse and violence

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Figure 16.3. Determinants of social and emotional wellbeing<sup>18</sup>

Figure 16.3. Determinants of social and emotional wellbeing18

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Figure 16.4. The CATCH model

Figure 16.4. The CATCH model

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Figure 16.5. Applying the CATCH model to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people’s expectations of care

Figure 16.5. Applying the CATCH model to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people’s expectations of care

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Figure 17.1. Culturally competent primary care response to family violence<sup>15</sup>

Figure 17.1. Culturally competent primary care response to family violence15

Reproduced with permission from: Pokharel B, Yelland J, Hooker L, et al. A systematic review of culturally competent family violence responses to women in primary care. Trauma, Violence and Abuse, 2021.
Copyright SAGE Publications.

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Figure 17.2. Considerations for assessing and managing patients from migrant and refugee backgrounds who might be or are experiencing intimate partner abuse

Figure 17.2. Considerations for assessing and managing patients from migrant and refugee backgrounds who might be or are experiencing intimate partner abuse

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Figure 19.1. Types of family violence comparing LGBTIQA+ and non-LGBTIQA+ Victorians<sup>10</sup>

Figure 19.1. Types of family violence comparing LGBTIQA+ and non-LGBTIQA+ Victorians10

Reproduced with permission from: Victorian Agency for Health Information. The health and wellbeing of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer population in Victoria. Findings from the Victorian Population Health Survey 2017. Melbourne: VAHI, 2020.

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Figure 19.2. Barriers to identification of LGBTIQA+ family violence

Figure 19.2. Barriers to identification of LGBTIQA+ family violence

© Copyright State Government of Victoria
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Figure 19.3. Socio-ecological drivers of LGBTIQA+ family violence<sup>44</sup>

Figure 19.3. Socio-ecological drivers of LGBTIQA+ family violence44

Reproduced with permission from: Carman M, Fairchild J, Farrugia C, et al. Pride in prevention: A guide to primary prevention of family violence experienced by LGBTIQ communities. Melbourne: Rainbow Health Victoria, La Trobe University, 2020.
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Figure 19.4. Stages of the patient journey in general practice

Figure 19.4. Stages of the patient journey in general practice

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Figure 21.1. The CATCH of model of health practitioner readiness to address intimate partner violence<sup>9</sup>

Figure 21.1. The CATCH of model of health practitioner readiness to address intimate partner violence9

Source: Hegarty K, McKibbin G, Hameed M, et al. Health practitioners' readiness to address domestic violence and abuse: A qualitative meta-synthesis. PLoS One 2020;15:e0234067.

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